ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) apresentam origem multifatorial e entre os fatores de risco predisponentes a elas estão os comportamentos relacionados ao estilo de vida. Esses comportamentos poucas vezes ocorrem de maneira isolada, sendo a simultaneidade um fator agravante para o desenvolvimento de DCNT. Objetivo Estimar a ocorrência simultânea de comportamentos de risco para saúde e fatores associados na população brasileira. Método Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada em 2013. Os comportamentos de risco foram: tabagismo, consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, consumo irregular de frutas, legumes e verduras, tempo excessivo de TV e inatividade física. A presença de cada comportamento foi somada para obter a simultaneidade. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram: sexo, faixa etária e nível de escolaridade. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado para avaliar os fatores associados à ocorrência simultânea e a regressão logística para a associação entre os comportamentos de risco à saúde avaliados. Resultados Os comportamentos de risco mais frequentes foram: inatividade física (68,5%), consumo irregular de frutas, legumes e verduras (32,9%) e tempo excessivo de TV (28,9%). Quatro em cada dez indivíduos estavam expostos a dois comportamentos de risco simultaneamente. A ocorrência de três ou mais comportamentos de risco foi mais frequente entre os homens adolescentes e adultos quando comparados aos idosos, e houve redução gradual da frequência com o aumento da escolaridade. Conclusão Foi elevada a frequência de ocorrência simultânea de comportamentos de risco para saúde, a qual pode comprometer as condições de saúde da população brasileira.
Abstract Background Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have a multifactorial origin and lifestyle-related behaviors are among the predisposing risk factors. These behaviors seldom occur in isolation, and the simultaneity is an aggravating factor for the development of NCDs. Objective To estimate the simultaneous occurrence of health risk behaviors and associated factors in the Brazilian population. Method Data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2013 were used. The risk behaviors evaluated were smoking, abusive alcoholic beverage consumption, irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive screen time, and physical inactivity. The presence of each behavior was added to obtain simultaneity. The independent variables analyzed were gender, age group, and education level. The chi-square test was used to assess factors associated with simultaneous occurrence and logistic regression for the association between the health risk behaviors assessed. Results The most frequent risk behaviors were physical inactivity (68.5%), irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables (32.9%), and excessive screen time (28.9%). Four out of ten individuals were exposed to two risk behaviors simultaneously. The occurrence of three or more risk behaviors was more frequent among males, adolescents, and adults, compared to the elderly, and there was a gradual reduction with the increase in the education level. Conclusion The frequency of simultaneous occurrence of health risk behaviors was elevated, which may compromise the health conditions of the Brazilian population.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To verify the association between insufficient level of physical activity and multiple health risk behaviors (HRB) in adolescents. Methods: This is an epidemiological study with cross-sectional design carried out in 2016 with 3,617 adolescents aged 14-19 years and enrolled in the public-school system of Sergipe, northeast Brazil. Data were collected using the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS/WHO). The insufficient level of physical activity was defined as not achieving at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity for 5 days a week. The HRB analyzed were smoking, alcohol consumption, low fruit consumption and exposure to sedentary behavior. The analysis of prevalence odds ratio was used to identify the association between insufficient level of physical activity and HRB, as well as unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression for the association between socioeconomic and demographic variables. Results: The prevalence of insufficient level of physical activity was 83.3%. There was association between physical inactivity and low fruit consumption and alcohol consumption (p<0.001). Insufficient level of physical activity was also associated with female sex (OR=1.90, 95% CI, 1.56-2.32), family income of up to 2 minimum wages (OR=1.57, 95% CI, 1.17-2.11), maternal schooling less than 8 years (OR=1.55, 95% CI, 1.28-1.86) and exposure to two different HRB at the same time (OR=1.76, 95% CI, 1.27-2.45). Conclusion: The prevalence of insufficient level of physical activity is high and was associated with multiple HRBs in this understudied population. These findings may support interventions focusing on the cluster of risk behaviors in youth.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Exercise , Adolescent Health/trends , Sedentary Behavior , Epidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is very poor,40％-50％ of patients have liver metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis,and only 15％-20％ of patients have the chance of surgical resection.At present,there is no consensus on the treatment strategy of pancreatic cancer with simultaneous liver metastasis.Surgeons are still looking forward to surgical resection for patients with longer survival time.The application of neoadjuvant therapy and radiofrequency ablation may bring new breakthroughs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with simultaneous liver metastasis.This article reviews the surgical,neoadjuvant and palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer with simultaneous liver metastasis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to examine and derive policy implications from the contribution of private health insurance towards the effectiveness and equity of dental care utilization. METHODS: The study used 2010-2011 Korea Health Panel data. We applied a two-stage probit least square (2SPLS) analysis method to 10,577 people who were aged 20 years and over and had out-patient health care utilization. Under the assumption that high demanders for dental outpatient health services try to subscribe and hold private health insurance, the study focuses on the changes in income and private health insurance status. RESULTS: The results of the descriptive statistics indicated that the number of employed enrolled in private health insurance increased as age decreased and income increased. Two-year consecutive non-enrollment of private health insurance was highest in the groups aged 65 years or above, those that had completed primary school or below, and those that belonged to the top income bracket. The highest rates of continued enrollment in private health insurance were observed in the top fifth income group (highest quintile) and those with a college degree. Income was observed to have an effect on private health insurance enrollment status and the frequency of dental care services used. The results of the analysis indicated that changes in private health insurance status did not affect the frequency of dental care services used, but the frequency of dental care services used had a significantly positive effect on continued enrollment in private health insurance. CONCLUSIONS: To secure the right of health for citizens, it is necessary to establish measures that emphasize equity and strengthen benefit coverage of health insurance. Moreover, regulatory policies that support the low-income population are required.